Uma das criaturas mais fascinantes do mar, é o Camarão Mantis (Mantis Shrimp), também chamado de lagosta boxeadora, lacraia-do-mar ou tamarutaca. Pesquisas científicas comprovaram que o Mantis tem o soco mais potente do mundo animal.
Dentre as 400 espécies de estomatópodes (crustáceos marinhos), o ‘Odontodactylus scyllarus’ é o que desfere o golpe mais poderoso: seu soco chega a 80 quilômetros por hora, uma aceleração semelhante a um disparo de uma arma calibre 22. Com uma pressão resultante de 60 quilos por centímetro quadrado, essa lagosta consegue facilmente quebrar a carapaça de um caranguejo ou até mesmo o vidro de um aquário. Por isso é interessante não mantê-la em um.
Há outras espécies de tamarutacas no litoral brasileiro. Mas o ‘Odontodactylus scyllarus’ habita a região do Indo-Pacífico, de Guam até a África Oriental.
Outra característica impressionante desse pequeno crustáceo são seus olhos incríveis, que possuem três pontos focais cada e são capazes de enxergar do espectro ultravioleta ao infravermelho. Para se ter uma ideia, o olho humano contém milhões de células fotorreceptoras, entre elas os cones, que são as que nos permitem ver as cores.
Nossos olhos possuem três tipos desses receptores, que respondem às luzes azul, verde e vermelha, nos permitindo perceber o espectro de cores que vemos. Os cães contam com apenas dois tipos de cones (verde e azul), e é por isso que eles veem tons de azul, verde e um pouco de amarelo. Já as borboletas possuem cinco tipos de cones, isso significa que elas conseguem enxergar cores que o nosso cérebro é incapaz de processar.
A lagosta-boxeadora é um crustáceo tão sensacional que não possui apenas dois, três ou cinco tipos de cones. Ela conta com 16! Assim, o arco-íris que elas enxergam deve ser uma verdadeira explosão termonuclear de cores, luz e beleza.
Um pouco mais sobre o camarão mantis
Em artigo publicado no jornal iScience, pesquisadores explicam o que acontece no organismo desse crustáceo, como funciona seus apêndices e porque são capazes do mais poderoso golpe do reino animal.
Em linhas gerais, a pesquisa demonstrou que o golpe do camarão funciona graças a uma estrutura que armazena e libera energia. São duas camadas feitas de diferentes materiais.
“Trata-se essencialmente de uma estrutura de duas camadas: uma superior, feita de biocerâmica (carbonato de cálcio amorfo), e uma inferior, de biopolímero (quitina e proteínas)”, explicou o pesquisador Ali Miserez, professor da Universidade de Tecnologia de Nanyang, em Singapura, principal autor do estudo (com informações do portal uol / outubro de 2018).
“A estrutura orgânica é carregada elasticamente pela flexão, de tal forma que a camada superior é comprimida enquanto a camada inferior é esticada.”
Segundo Miserez, este arranjo tem a capacidade intrínseca de explorar as propriedades mecânicas do material: as cerâmicas são fortes em compressão e podem armazenar uma quantidade maior de energia.
“No entanto, eles são frágeis sob carga de tração, portanto, uma estrutura feita apenas de biocerâmica não funcionaria para armazenar energia, porque a parte inferior provavelmente se quebraria. É aí que o biopolímero é útil, pois é mais forte em tensão, de modo que a camada inferior pode ser esticada sem se danificar”, complementa.
Veja esse vídeo produzido pelo Instituto Smithsonian:
https://www.si.edu/object/tiny-crustacean-has-most-powerful-punch-world:yt_O2log6aCFrQ
O mantis shrimp é o animal mais forte do reino animal!
![](https://imprensaberta.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Olhos-300x170.jpg)
O Mantis tem 16 cones receptores de luz
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